Karl Fischer & Potentiometric Titration Application Library

Fast sulphite analysis in wine using the Ripper method. Understand its limitations and how potentiometric titration improves accuracy and reproducibility.

Accurate acid determination in wine using potentiometric titration. Reliable results for red and white wines with no visual endpoint errors.

Accurate acidity determination in fruit beverages using titration. Control taste, stability, and shelf life with reliable, automated analysis.

Measure peroxide value in cooking oils to detect oxidation and rancidity. Improve food quality control with accurate, automated titration methods.

Peracetic acid (CH₃COOOH) is used as oxidizing agent, bleaching agent, and fungicide. Peracetic acid generates acetic acid and oxygen by its decomposition. It is suggested that the bleaching and antiseptic properties are derived from this generated oxygen. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) works as both oxidizing and reducing agents depending on the target chemical to be reacted. It is used as fungicide in food industry as well as peracetic acid.

Recently, the usage of the mixed solution containing hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and acetic acid has been increasing for the sterilization of beverage containers along with the popularization of a plastic bottle as containers. This report introduces an example of fractional determination of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid in the mixed solution containing hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and acetic acid.

The fractional titration of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic is performed as follows: first, hydrogen peroxide is titrated with potassium permanganate standard solution (formula (1)) after the sample solution is acidified with sulfuric acid. After the titration, add potassium iodide to generate iodine equivalent to peracetic acid (formula (2)). This generated iodine is titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard solution to determine the peracetic acid (formula (3)).

Ascorbic acid has properties as an acid and a strong reducing agent. On the other hand, sodium ascorbate doesn’t have a function as an acid but works as a reducing agent as well as ascorbic acid. The quantitative determination method for ascorbic acid is prescribed in JIS K 9502 and Japanese pharmacopeia. There are two determination methods for ascorbic acid; neutralization titration and iodine titration.

The fractional determination method for ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate is introduced in this report. First, ascorbic acid is determined by the neutralization titration with sodium hydroxide standard solution (formula (1)). After that, the total amount of ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate) is measured by the redox titration with iodine standard solution (formula (2) and (3)). The sodium ascorbate is determined by the subtraction of the ascorbic acid from the total amount of ascorbic acid.

Simultaneous determination of acetic acid and ammonium acetate using automated titration. Improve process control in semiconductor and industrial applications.

Oxalic acid has two carboxy groups (-COOH) in the molecule , it is called dicarboxylic acid. There are two crystallization water molecules in the molecule. Oxalic acid is ortho acid and forms the following structure. It is readily oxidized by the acid stronger than formic acid.

Oxalic acid is used as raw material of organic compound. In addition, sodium salt of oxalic acid is used as standard substance of quantitative analysis because it quantitatively reacts with oxidizing agent like potassium permanganate and is stably conservable. The determination method for oxalic acid is prescribed in JIS K8519, it is determined by potassium permanganate standard solution. This report introduces an example of the purity determination for oxalic acid using redox titration as described below (formula 1) and neutralization titration with sodium hydroxide titrant (formula 2).

Measure lactic acid in food products to monitor fermentation, spoilage, and quality. Improve consistency and shelf life control with automated titration.

Determine citric acid purity for food additive quality control. Ensure consistent formulation, regulatory compliance, and product performance with automated titration.

Formic acid is monobasic carbonic acid , which belongs to lower saturated fatty acid group. Formic acid has a little different properties from other saturated fatty acids; it has significantly strong acidity (12 times stronger than acetic acid) and reducing character, degrades to water and carbon dioxide gas by the oxidation. It can also reduce ammoniacal silver nitrate.

The neutralization titration method with sodium hydroxide standard solution for the determination of formic acid is prescribed in “JIS K8264. This report introduces an example of the potentiometric titration with glass electrode instead of indicator method using phenolphthalein prescribed in JIS.